Abstract

 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8

Behaviour represents a reaction to the environment as fish perceive it and is therefore a key
element of fish welfare. This review summarises the main findings on how behavioural changes have been used to assess welfare in farmed fish, using both functional and feeling-based approaches. Changes in foraging behaviour, ventilatory activity, aggression, individual and group swimming behaviour, stereotypic and abnormal behaviour have been linked with
acute and chronic stressors in aquaculture and can therefore be regarded as likely indicators of poor welfare.